Preliminary study on the diversity of Orthoptera from Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei Darussalam, Borneo

The Orthoptera, comprising grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids, is diverse and species rich in tropical Southeast Asia, including the island of Borneo. However, not every part of Southeast Asia is equally well sampled and studied. This includes Brunei Darussalam, specifically at the Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (KBFSC) within the Ulu Temburong National Park. We present here an annotated and illustrated checklist of Orthoptera from the primary dipterocarp forest around Kuala Belalong based on three field trips in 2016 and 2017. We provide notes on their taxonomy (including how each species was identified) and natural history of species. In total, 72 species were recorded, representing eight of the 16 monophyletic orthopteran superfamilies. In total, 73.6% of all species recorded were singletons and doubletons, indicating that many species are probably rare. The collection led to the discovery of ten species new to science already published separately, with more expected to be described from pending material and confirmation. More species, including undescribed ones (at least four new species), are expected with continued sampling effort. Despite the 21 day-long surveying efforts from three trips around KBFSC, we believe that the species list provided here is non-exhaustive and only a preliminary one

The calling songs of some katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia

Katydids produce sound by stridulation of the tegmina for signalling and communication. Most katydids are known to sing at ultrasonic frequencies, as compared to crickets. This has drawn interest to investigate the biophysics of ultrasonic sound production and detection, evolution and ecology (including predator–prey interactions) of these katydids. However, most of these studies are based on species from the neotropics, whereas nearly nothing is known about the relatives from another hyper-diverse region, i.e., Southeast Asia. To address this, a concerted effort to document, record and describe the calling songs of Southeast Asian katydids, especially species which calls at ultrasonic frequencies, were conducted. A study spanning over two years (2018 to 2020) in Malay Peninsula (Singapore and Malaysia), Borneo (Brunei Darussalam and Sabah) and the Philippines revealed previously unknown calls of 24 katydid species from four subfamilies. The calling songs of Southeast Asian katydid species are highly diversified in both the time and frequency domains. Call structure can range from isolated syllables (e.g., Holochlora), continuous trills (e.g., Axylus philippinus) to short pulse-trains (e.g., Euanisous teuthroides) and complex echemes (e.g., Conocephalus spp.). 87.5 % of species have ultrasonic peak frequencies and 12.5 % can be considered extreme ultrasonic callers (peak frequency >40 kHz). The call spectrum ranges from tonal (e.g., spectral entropy = 6.8 in Casigneta sp. 2) to resonant (entropy = 8.8 in Conocephalus cognatus). Of the 24 species whose calls are described here, we also imaged and described the sound-producing structures of 18 species. This study provides a preliminary overview of the acoustic diversity of katydids in Southeast Asia and the authors hope to inspire further investigation into the bioacoustics of little-known katydids from Southeast Asia. Amassing a database of calling songs and sound-producing organs from different species can be important to address the taxonomy impediment while advancing our knowledge about the bioacoustics of Southeast Asian katydids

Termitophily Documented in Earwigs (Dermaptera)

Based on behavioral observations, we report termitophily by the earwig Spirolabia kaja Kočárek, sp. nov. (Spongiphoridae: Labiinae). The new species was found in association with the wood-boring termite Schedorhinotermes sarawakensis (Holmgren, 1913) in a dipterocarp rain forest in Borneo; in addition to being observed in the galleries, termite–earwig interactions were subsequently documented in the laboratory. We found that earwigs and termites communicate by antennation, and we observed no form of targeted mutual or unilateral aggressive behavior. The earwigs responded to the proximity of an experimentally irritated termite soldier by conflict-avoidance behavior based on thanatosis, which seems to be a defensive reaction that may reduce the chance of being attacked by an irritated termite. Based on the analysis of gastrointestinal tract contents, we conclude that S. kaja sp. nov. is an omnivorous species that feeds mainly on plant tissues and fungi but occasionally on arthropod remains. The occurrence of S. kaja sp. nov. adults together with the nymphs (2nd to 4th instars) in the galleries of S. sarawakensis strongly suggests that the earwig can reproduce inside the termite colony. Spirolabia kaja Kočárek, sp. nov. is the first earwig species for which termitophily has been demonstrated

Notes on the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) of Brunei Darussalam : 137. Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelinae

Distributional records of the 30 tiger beetle species and subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) known for Brunei Darussalam are given together with habitus photos for 21 species. Neocollyris (Neocollyris) labiomaculata (Horn, 1892), Neocollyris (Neocollyris) emarginata (Dejean, 1825), Therates spectabilis fl avissimus Brouerius van Nidek, 1957, Heptodonta analis s. str. (Fabricius, 1801), Cosmodela velata (Bates, 1872), Lophyra (s. str.) fuliginosa (Dejean, 1826), Cylindera (Leptinomera) fi ligera (Bates, 1878), Myriochila (s. str.) specularis brevipennis (Horn, 1897), Abroscelis tenuipes araneipes (Schaum, 1863) and Callytron doriai (Horn, 1897) are reported for the fi rst time for the Sultanate

A new species of Tapiena (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae) from Brunei Darussalam (Borneo, Southeast Asia)

Tan, Ming Kai, Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul (2018): A new species of Tapiena (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae) from Brunei Darussalam (Borneo, Southeast Asia). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 193-196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.

Two new species of Sycorax (Diptera: Psychodidae: Sycoracinae) from the Oriental Region

Ježek, Jan, Wahab, Rodzay Abdul, Ševčík, Jan (2015): Two new species of Sycorax (Diptera: Psychodidae: Sycoracinae) from the Oriental Region. Zootaxa 4057 (4): 539-550, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4057.4.

Diversity of Manota Williston (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) in Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei

A total of 15 species of Manota Williston, 1896 are recorded from Brunei, based on the investigations in 2013-2014. Thirteen species are recorded from Ulu Temburong National Park and three species from the Universiti Brunei Darussalam Campus in Tungku. Six species are described as new to science: Manota belalongensis sp. n., M. kaspraki sp. n., M. macrothrix sp. n., M. megachaeta sp. n. and M. pileata sp.n. from Ulu Temburong, and M. ricina sp. n. from Tungku. New records of the following species are given: Manota bifida Hippa & Papp, M. bruneiensis Hippa & Ševčík, M. hyboloma Hippa & Ševčík, M. oligochaeta Hippa, M. pappi Hippa, M. perangulata Hippa & Ševčík, M. pollex Hippa, M. procera Hippa and M. simplex Hippa

New taxa and notes on palm and false-leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Sexavaini; Pseudophyllinae) from Brunei Darussalam Running title: Sexavaini and Pseudophyllinae from Brunei

As many as 72 species were documented when sampling was conducted in Kuala Belalong in Brunei Darussalam between 2016 and 2017 but this remains non-exhaustive and orthopteran species are still awaiting discovery. Based on new material collected in 2019, two new species of katydids are described here: Segestes nostosalgos sp. n. and Sathrophylliopsis mentham sp. n. These two discoveries are of particular interest: Segestes nostosalgos sp. n. represents the first record of the tribe Sexavaini in Borneo; Sathrophylliopsis mentham sp. n. is drastically different from congeners by the lack of dense fine long hairs around the body

FIGURES 17, 18 in Zorotypus asymmetricus sp. nov. from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo (Insecta: Zoraptera)

FIGURES 17, 18. Living status and occupied habitat of Zorotypus asymmetricus sp. nov. 17, living apterous male; 18, rotting logs in Sungai Esu stream valley where Z. asymmetricus sp. nov. was collected